Siang, LCers!
Kali ini kita akan belajar tentang materi yang paling ditakuti oleh banyak pembelajar bahasa Inggris, Tenses!
Eits, jangan takut dulu ya. We proud of your bravery to click this one, really. Dengan mengklik artikel ini, itu artinya kalian sudah memberanikan diri mempelajari topik yang katanya bikin triggered ini. Sebenarnya, mempelajari tenses nggak semenakutkan itu kok. Asal hapal fungsi dan polanya, kita bisa mengingat semua tenses dengan mudah.
Ingin tahu apa saja fungsi dan pola tenses? Here we presents…16 tenses lengkap dengan rumus dan cara menghafalnya.
16 Tenses Lengkap dengan Rumusnya
Di luar sana, berbagai situs saling tidak setuju berapa jumlah tenses yang perlu dipelajari. Ada yang bilang 12, 16, dan bahkan ada yang bilang…32.
“Gila…siapa yang mau belajar 32 tenses? 16 tenses aja susah!”
Okay, just calm. Menurut kami, memahami 16 tenses saja sudah cukup untuk bisa berkomunikasi dengan baik. Bahkan, para native speakers di luar sana sudah meninggalkan aturan 16 dan berpindah ke yang lebih simple, yakni 12.
Tapi sebagai non-native, LCers tetap perlu tahu 16 tenses ya, berikut ulasan lengkapnya.
1. Simple Present Tense
Jenis 16 tenses pertama adalah simple present tense. Simple Present Tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi tapi tidak harus terikat dengan waktu.
Susunan rumus dan kalimat untuk simple present tense adalah sebagai berikut.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + V1 + (s/es) | Dad works hard every day |
| Nominal | Subject + is/am/are + nominal | She is more beautiful than usual | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + don’t/doesn’t + V1 | I don’t know what to say to her |
| Nominal | Subject + is/am/are + not + nominal | They aren’t as bad as you think | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Do/Does + Subject + V1 + ? | Does he know about this? |
| Nominal | Is/Am/Are + Subject + nominal + ? | Are you better than yesterday? |
2. Simple Past Tense
Salah satu bentuk 16 tenses yang perlu kamu ketahui adalah simple past tense. Simple past tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sudah terjadi di masa lalu, baik waktunya disebutkan atau tidak.
Susunan rumus dan kalimat untuk Simple Past Tense adalah sebagai berikut.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + V2 | She drove to the town solely |
| Nominal | Subject + was/were + nominal | You were glad to meet him | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + didn’t + V1 | She didn’t drive to the town solely |
| Nominal | Subject + was/were + not + nominal | You weren’t glad to meet him | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Did + Subject + V1 + ? | Did she drive to the town solely? |
| Nominal | Was/were + Subject + nominal + ? | Were you glad to meet him? |
3. Simple Future Tense
Simple future tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di masa depan, baik waktunya disebutkan atau tidak.
Susunan rumus dan kalimat untuk Simple Future Tense adalah sebagai berikut.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + will + V1 | You will know sooner or later |
| Nominal | Subject + will + be + nominal | Henry will be the champion today | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + won’t + V1 | You won’t know till you’ve tried |
| Nominal | Subject + won’t + be + nominal | She won’t be the model | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Will + Subject + V1 + ? | Will the police come on time? |
| Nominal | Will + Subject + be + nominal + ? | Will she become a nurse soon? |
4. Simple Past Future Tense
Simple past future tense digunakan untuk menerangkan aktivitas yang akan dilakukan di masa lalu.
Contoh jelasnya dalam bahasa Indonesia begini, “Saat terjadi kecelakaan kemarin, Romi masih akan berangkat ke sekolah.”
Sudah paham, bukan? Kalau begitu, ini susunan rumus dan kalimat untuk Simple Past Future Tense.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + should/would + bare infinitive | Sarah should go to the hospital |
| Nominal | Subject + was/were + going to + bare infinitive | He was going to write a new note | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + should/would + not + bare infinitive | Sarah should not go to the hospital |
| Nominal | Subject + was/were + not + going to + bare infinitive | He was not going to write a new note | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Should/would + subject + bare infinitive + ? | Should Sarah go to the hospital? |
| Nominal | Was/were + subject + going to + bare infinitive + ? | Was he going to write a new note? |
Catatan: sekilas bare infinitive tampak seperti verb ya? Tapi keduanya berbeda fungsi lho, itu akan dibahas di topik selanjutnya.
5. Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sedang dilakukan sekarang.
Susunan kalimat dan contohnya bisa dilihat di bawah ini.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + is/am/are + Ving | She is playing a kite |
| Nominal | Subject + is/am/are + nominal | Fajar is a college student | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + is/am/are + not + Ving | She is not playing a kite |
| Nominal | Subject + is/am/are + not + nominal | Fajar isn’t a college student | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Is/Am/Are + Subject + Ving + ? | Is she playing a kite? |
| Nominal | Is/Am/Are + Subject + nominal + ? | Is Fajar a college student? |
6. Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sedang dilakukan di masa lalu.
Berikut ini adalah formula sekaligus contohnya.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + was/were + Ving | They were trying a new road |
| Nominal | Subject + was/were + nominal | Alea was afraid of the dark | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + was/were + not + Ving | They weren’t trying a new road |
| Nominal | Subject + was/were + nominal | Alea wasn’t afraid of the dark | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Was/were + Subject + Ving + ? | Were they trying a new road? |
| Nominal | Was/were + Subject + nominal + ? | Was Alea afraid of the dark? |
7. Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang akan sedang dilakukan di masa depan.
Susunan formula untuk future continuous tense bisa dilihat sebagai berikut.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + will + be + Ving | I will be going to school tomorrow |
| Nominal | Subject + will + being + nominal | She will being a hero the day after tomorrow | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + will + not + be + Ving | I won’t be going to school tomorrow |
| Nominal | Subject + will + not + being + nominal | She won’t being a hero the day after tomorrow | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Will + Subject + be + Ving + ? | Will I be going to school tomorrow? |
| Nominal | Will + Subject + being + nominal + ? | Will she being a hero the day after tomorrow |
8. Past Future Continuous Tense
Past future continuous tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan di masa lalu.
Berikut ini formula untuk past future continuous tense.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + would + be + Ving | We would be coming to your house if you were at home |
| Nominal | Subject + would + being + nominal | My son would being the actor if he wasn’t sick | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + would + not + be + Ving | We would not be coming to your house if you were at home |
| Nominal | Subject + would + not + being + nominal | My son would not being the actor if he wasn’t sick | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Would + Subject + be + Ving + ? | Would we be coming to your house if you were at home? |
| Nominal | Would + Subject + being + nominal + ? | Would my son being the actor if he wasn’t sick? |
9. Present Perfect Tense
Present prefect tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan sekarang.
Simak contoh rumus dan susunan kalimatnya berikut ini ya!
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + has/have + V3 | I have done the task earlier |
| Nominal | Subject + has/have + been + nominal | She has been a good doctor for the girl a while ago | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + has/have + not + V3 | I haven’t done the task earlier |
| Nominal | Subject + has/have + not + been + nominal | She hasn’t been a good doctor for the girl a while ago | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Has/have + Subject + V3 + ? | Have I done the task earlier? |
| Nominal | Has/have + Subject + been + nominal + ? | Has she been a good doctor for the girl a while ago? |
10. Past Perfect Tense
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan di masa lalu.
Di bawah ini rumus sekaligus contoh dari past perfect tense.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + had + V3 | He had finished his homework yesterday |
| Nominal | Subject + had + been + nominal | I had been the teacher some years ago | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + had + not + V3 | He hadn’t finished his homework yesterday |
| Nominal | Subject + had + not + been + nominal | I hadn’t been the teacher some years ago | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Had + Subject + V3 + ? | Had he finished his homework yesterday? |
| Nominal | Had + Subject + been + nominal + ? | Had I been the teacher some years ago? |
11. Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang akan sudah dilakukan di masa depan.
Ini penjelasan lebih lengkap mengenai future perfect tense.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + will + have + V3 | I will have finished the cleaning in 4 hours |
| Nominal | Subject + will + have + been + nominal | The students will have been graduates in some months | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + will + not + have + V3 | I won’t have finished the cleaning in 4 hours |
| Nominal | Subject + will + not + have + been + nominal | The students won’t have been graduates in some months | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Will + subject + have + V3 + ? | Will I have finished the cleaning in 4 hours? |
| Nominal | Will + subject + have + been + nominal + ? | Will the students have graduated in some months? |
12. Past Future Perfect Tense
Past future perfect tense biasanya digunakan untuk sesuatu yang seharusnya sudah dilakukan di masa lalu.
Formula beserta contoh dari past future perfect tense bisa dilihat di bawah ini.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + should/would + have + V3 | He would’ve done the tasks if he wasn’t going to the cinema |
| Nominal | Subject + should/would + have + been + nominal | I should’ve been a soldier but I was failed | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + should/would + not + have + V3 | He wouldn’t have done the tasks if he wasn’t going to the cinema |
| Nominal | Subject + should/would + not + have + been + nominal | I shouldn’t have been a soldier but I was failed | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Should/would + subject + have + V3 + ? | Would he done the tasks if he wasn’t going to the cinema? |
| Nominal | Should/would + subject + have + been + nominal + ? | Should I have been a soldier if I was failed? |
13. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan dan masih dilakukan hingga sekarang.
Berikut ini merupakan susunan kalimat dari present perfect continuous tense.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + has/have + been + Ving + since/for | Mom has been working there since 2006 |
| Nominal | Subject + has/have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She has been being a director 2 years ago | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + has/have + not + been + Ving + since/for | Mom hasn’t been working there since 2006 |
| Nominal | Subject + has/have + not + been + being + nominal + since/for | She hasn’t been being a director since 2 years ago | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Has/have + subject + been + Ving + since/for + ? | Has Mom been working there since 2006? |
| Nominal | Has/have + subject + been + being + nominal + since/for + ? | Has she been being a director since 2 years ago? |
14. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan dan masih dilakukan di masa lalu.
Berikut ini adalah formula yang berlaku untuk past perfect continuous tense dan contohnya.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + had + been + Ving + since/for | I had been pushing the door for 35 minutes |
| Nominal | Subject + had + been + being + nominal + since/for | They had been being the choir since 2012 | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + had + not + been + Ving + since/for | I hadn’t been pushing the door for 35 minutes |
| Nominal | Subject + had + not + been + being + nominal + since/for | They hadn’t been being the choir since 2012 | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Had + subject + been + Ving + since/for + ? | Had I been pushing the door for 35 minutes? |
| Nominal | Had + subject + been + being + nominal + since/for + ? | Had they been being the choir since 2012? |
15. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang akan sedang dilakukan di masa depan. Tenses ini juga termasuk dalam 16 tenses yang perlu kamu pahami.
Berikut ini merupakan contoh penggunaan future perfect continuous tense.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + will + have + been + Ving + since/for | I will have been watching the TV since morning |
| Nominal | Subject + will + have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She will have been being a doctor since 2016 | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + will + not + have + been + Ving + since/for | I won’t have been watching the TV since morning |
| Nominal | Subject + will + not + have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She won’t has been being a doctor since 2016 | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Will + subject + have + been + Ving + since/for + ? | Will I have been watching the TV since morning? |
| Nominal | Will + subject + have + been + being + nominal + since/for + ? | Will she have been being a doctor since 2016? |
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past future perfect continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang akan telah dilakukan di masa lalu.
Susunan kalimat dan contohnya Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense bisa dilihat di bawah ini ya kak.
| SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
| Positive | Verbal | Subject + would/should + have + been + Ving + since/for | I would have been watching the TV since morning |
| Nominal | Subject + would/should + have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She would have been being a doctor since 2016 | |
| Negative | Verbal | Subject + would/should + not + have + been + Ving + since/for | I wouldn’t have been watching the TV since morning |
| Nominal | Subject + would/should + not + have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She wouldn’t has been being a doctor since 2016 | |
| Interrogative | Verbal | Would/should + subject + have + been + Ving + since/for + ? | Would I have been watching the TV since morning? |
| Nominal | Would/should + subject + have + been + being + nominal + since/for + ? | Would she have been being a doctor since 2016? |
Itulah penjelasan dari “16 Tenses” buat kamu beserta contoh lengkapnya dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris. Pelajari agar kamu makin mahir berbahasa Inggris.
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