Belajar bahasa berarti kita harus memahami ketiga aspek yang ada yaitu kemampuan berbicara, membaca, dan menulis. Ketika menulis pun ada beberapa jenis tulisan berbentuk teks.
Beberapa jenis teks dalam Bahasa Inggris yang sering kita temukan di kehidupan sehari-hari adalah report text, narrative text, argumentative text, dan descriptive text. Tulisan ini hanya akan berfokus pada descriptive text beserta strukturnya. Jadi kalau kamu ingin me-refresh tentang jenis-jenis text, coba buka dulu pembahasan tentang jenis-jenis text dalam bahasa inggris.
Yuk pahami apa itu yang dimaksud dengan descriptive text, bagaimana struktur teksnya, dan dua contoh teks deskriptif.
Definisi descriptive text
Descriptive text, sesuai dengan namanya, merupakan jenis tulisan yang menjelaskan tentang sesuatu. Suatu hal yang dijelaskan dalam jenis teks ini dapat berupa sebuah benda, tempat, makanan, tokoh terkenal, maupun hewan dan tumbuhan.
Tujuan dan ciri descriptive text
Karena sifatnya yang menjelaskan tentang suatu hal, maka descriptive text ditulis untuk memberikan informasi tentang suatu hal kepada pembaca.
Ciri utama descriptive teks dapat diketahui dari jenis informasi yang disampaikan dalam yaitu yang berupa gambaran tentang satu hal.
Selain itu, descriptive text juga memiliki beberapa ciri-ciri lain yaitu:
- Selalu menggunakan simple present tense.
- Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah attribute verbs (is, am, are).
- Banyaknya kata sifat (adjectives) yang digunakan di dalam teks.
- Ketika membaca teks tersebut, pembaca dapat membayangkan objek yang digambarkan di dalam tulisan.
Descriptive text dapat ditemukan di koran, majalah, iklan, travel websites, dan hal-hal sejenis lainnya.
Struktur descriptive text
Setelah tahu lebih lanjut tentang definisi, tujuan, dan ciri-ciri descriptive text, ini saatnya untuk belajar lebih lanjut soal strukturnya.
Descriptive text memiliki struktur dasar yang terdiri dari dua bagian:
- Identifikasi (identification).
Bagian ini berisi perkenalan tentang objek manusia, benda, tempat, atau sesuatu apapun yang akan dijelaskan dalam teks.
- Deskripsi (description).
Bagian ini merupakan bagian isi dimana dapat ditemukan segala karakteristik objek yang menjadi topik descriptive text. Bagian deskripsi dapat dipecah menjadi dua atau tiga paragraf. Misalnya:
- Deskripsi karakteristik objek yang dibahas.
- Deskripsi perasaan penulis.
Dari segi struktur, teks jenis deskriptif terhilang tidak terlalu rumit. Kamu tidak perlu panjang-panjang menulis untuk bagian identifikasi. Tetapi, diperlukan riset yang mendalam untuk dapat menulis bagian deskripsi sehingga menjadi sebuah paragraf descriptive yang bagus.
Untuk lebih memahami lebih jauh tentang descriptive text, mari simak beberapa contoh descriptive text berikut.
Contoh descriptive text
1. Struktur Descriptive text tentang sebuah tempat.
My Favorite City: Kyoto
Bagian identifikasi
Kyoto is one of the most popular cities in Japan. It’s located in West Japan and it used to be the capital city of Japan during the Edo period. Many Japanese and foreign tourists go to Kyoto to see its beauty. It’s also my favorite city in Japan.
Bagian deskripsi
Kyoto is very popular among tourists because its a city in Japan where we can see a lot of old buildings. There are many beautiful Japanese old shrines and temples around Kyoto. People go to those shrines and temples not only to see the beauty of its design but also to pray for luck.
People also love to visit Kyoto because it’s the only city in Japan where we can see geisha walking around a small area of the city. That area is called Gion. In Gion, there are many tea houses and traditional restaurants. We can eat and drink while listening to Geishas playing some traditional songs.
Other than visiting old areas and experiencing traditional Japanese culture, we can also try many kinds of traditional food and drink in Kyoto. Kyoto is famous for matcha. Matcha is green tea and they usually serve it in a special tea ceremony in Japan. In Kyoto, people can experience the original tea ceremony and learn how to make a good cup of matcha.
Not only that, people can also eat special soba (Japanese noodles) made from matcha. It’s a unique dish from Kyoto that can’t be found in other places in Japan. There is a nice matcha soba restaurant where people can eat while enjoying the beautiful view of Kamo River.
Another thing that makes Kyoto my favorite is the beautiful view of Autumn. People can see pretty Autumn trees in Kyoto. The color combination of red and yellow makes the city look even more beautiful. I always go to Kyoto in the Autumn because the city looks best in this season.
2. Struktur Descriptive text tentang seseorang.
My Older Sister Yana
Bagian identifikasi
I have three siblings and I like them all. But, I like my older sister Yana best. She always helps me with my homework. She also never forgets to give me a present on my birthday.
Bagian deskripsi
My older sister Yana is 20 years old. She is four years older than me but she likes hanging out with me. I really admire her because she is always friendly and nice to everyone. I have never seen her getting angry at people as she always looks so calm.
She is not only calm and nice but also very smart. She studies Business Management at the University of Indonesia. I think it’s very difficult to enter that university. She often teaches me Math and English when she’s at home. She always says that I can ask her anything about my homework.
She is also very pretty. She has long black hair and she is 165 cm tall. Because of her good looks, she often gets an offer to be a model. In her free time, she sometimes joins a modelling event for a magazine or promotion events organized by some clothing brands.
She is very busy with university but she still makes time to do those extra work. I know she likes doing it to earn extra money. Her tuition fee is not expensive but she needs to pay for some extra activities at the university. She tells me that she wants to help our father to decrease his burden because he has three other children who need his support too. I think my older sister Yana is the best sister that I have. I want to be like her.
Semoga kedua contoh di atas dapat memudahkan kamu untuk memahami struktur descriptive text. Jadi, kalau kamu ingin segera menulis descriptive text, silahkan baca kembali penjelasan dan dua contoh di atas. Semangat!
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