Kemarin, kita telah membahas salah satu bentuk utama dari tenses, yaitu continuous tenses. Nah, kali ini kita akan membahas bentuk berikutnya, yaitu perfect tenses. Apakah kamu tahu apa itu perfect tense? Bagaimana cara menggunakannya? Kalau belum tahu, simak materi perfect tense berikut ini baik-baik ya, LCers! Selain pengertian perfect tense, kami juga akan mencantumkan rumus dan contohnya.
Pengertian Perfect Tense
Seperti yang sudah dibahas di materi sebelumnya, dalam sistem 16 tenses ada empat bentuk utama yang perlu kamu hafalkan. Bentuk-bentuk utama tersebut adalah simple, continuous, perfect, dan past future, dan dalam bahasan ini kita akan mengangkat perfect tense.
Perfect tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang bisa kamu gunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan, baik di masa lalu, sekarang, atau masa depan.
Sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan? Kenapa nggak pakai past tense saja? Kenapa harus pakai perfect tense, bukannya lebih merepotkan?
Nice question, memang benar bahwa past tense dan perfect sama-sama mengekspresikan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan/terjadi. Akan tetapi perbedaannya, perfect tense digunakan untuk menegaskan bahwa sesuatu sudah dilakukan/terjadi, tanpa harus menyebutkan kapan terjadinya.
Example:
- I took a bath an hour ago (Past Tense)
- I’ve taken a bath (Perfect Tense)
Setelah membaca dua contoh di atas, bagaimana pendapatmu? Kamu lebih suka memakai bentuk kalimat yang mana?
Kalau untuk percakapan sehari-hari, para native lebih suka menggunakan perfect tense dibanding past tense. Sebab, tidak semua obrolan membutuhkan informasi seperti waktu, tempat, dan semacamnya. Menggunakan bentuk perfect tense saja sudah cukup untuk menjelaskan kamu benar-benar sudah selesai melakukan sesuatu.
Rumus Perfect Tense Disertai Contoh
Sudah paham pengertian tense dan perbedaannya dengan past tense? Yep, kalau kamu sudah paham, mari melangkah ke jenjang selanjutnya: rumus dan contoh penggunaan perfect tense! Di bawah ini, ada 4 bentuk perfect tense yang harus kamu pahami. Siapkan buku catatanmu untuk mencatat rumus-rumusnya ya.
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect adalah bentuk kalimat untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan di masa sekarang. Ini artinya, si pengucap sudah melakukan kegiatan tersebut saat sekarang menceritakannya.
Rumus present perfect tense disertai contoh bisa kamu lihat sebagai berikut.
Verbal
| SENTENCES | FORMULAS |
| Positive (+) | Subject + has/have + Verb-3 |
| Negative (-) | Subject + has/have + not + Verb-3 |
| Interrogative (?) | Has/Have + Subject + Verb-3 + ? |
Example:
- I have eaten five packages of instant noodles already (+)
- I haven’t eaten any instant noodles until now (-)
- Have I eaten any instant noodles today? (?)
- She has recovered from her illness (+)
- She hasn’t recovered from her illness (-)
- Has she recovered from her illness? (?)
- We have done this job outstandingly (+)
- We haven’t done this job outstandingly (-)
- Have we done this job outstandingly? (?)
Nominal
| SENTENCES | FORMULAS |
| Positive (+) | Subject + has/have + been + nominal |
| Negative (-) | Subject + has/have + been + not + nominal |
| Interrogative (?) | Has/have + Subject + been + nominal + ? |
Example:
- Agnezmo has been popular since two decades ago (+)
- Agnezmo hasn’t been popular since two decades ago (-)
- Has Agnezmo been popular since two decades ago? (?)
- I have been enrolled in Stanford Law School (+)
- I haven’t been enrolled in Stanford Law School (-)
- Have I been enrolled at Stanford Law School? (?)
- We have been the champion of this robotic competition (+)
- We haven’t been the champion of this robotic competition (?)
- Have we been the champion of this robotic competition? (?)
Past Perfect Tense
Bentuk tense yang akan kita bahas selanjutnya adalah past perfect. Kamu bisa menggunakan bentuk past perfect tense untuk menceritakan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan di masa lalu. Jadi yang kamu ceritakan dalam bentuk past perfect tense adalah kejadian yang sudah berlalu di masa lalu.
Bingung? Please, don’t! Supaya lebih jelas, yuk simak rumus past perfect tense disertai contoh di bawah ini.
Verbal
| SENTENCES | FORMULAS |
| Positive (+) | Subject + had + Verb-3 |
| Negative (-) | Subject + had + not + Verb-3 |
| Interrogative (?) | Had + Subject + Verb-3 + ? |
Example:
- I had forgotten about him, but then he came and proposed me (+)
- I hadn’t forgotten about him when he came and proposed me (-)
- Had I forgotten about him when he came and proposed to me? (?)
- He had finished his high school when his friend was busy living as the modern 90’s kids (+)
- He hadn’t finished his high school when his friend was busy living as the modern 90’s kids (-)
- Had he finished his high school when his friend was busy living as the modern 90’s kids? (?)
- We have done this job outstandingly (+)
- We haven’t done this job outstandingly (-)
- Have we done this job outstandingly? (?)
Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect adalah bentuk perfect tense yang bisa kamu gunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang akan sudah dilakukan di masa depan.
Contoh simpelnya, kamu besok akan dijemput pacarmu pada pukul 3 sore. Kira-kira kamu sudah melakukan apa saja di rumah sebelum dia datang ya? Nah, jawaban dari pertanyaan itu bisa kamu jawab dengan future perfect tense.
Supaya lebih jelas, berikut ini adalah contoh rumus future perfect tense disertai contoh-contohnya.
Verbal
| SENTENCES | FORMULAS |
| Positive (+) | Subject + will + have + Verb-3 |
| Negative (-) | Subject + will + not + have + Verb-3 |
| Interrogative (?) | Will + Subject + have + Verb-3 + ? |
Example:
- He will have left when you come this afternoon (+)
- He won’t have left when you come this afternoon (-)
- Will he have left when you come this afternoon? (?)
- They will have ended the presentation at 4 o’clock (+)
- They won’t have ended the presentation at 4 o’clock (-)
- Will they have ended the presentation at 4 o’clock? (?)
- I will have finished our homework when you come (+)
- I won’t have finished our homework when you come (-)
- Will I have finished our homework when you come? (?)
Nominal
| SENTENCES | FORMULAS |
| Positive (+) | Subject + will + have + been + nominal |
| Negative (-) | Subject + will + not + have + been + nominal |
| Interrogative (?) | Will + Subject + have + been + nominal + ? |
Example:
- I will have been a mother when you return from London (+)
- I won’t have been a mother when you return from London (-)
- Will I have been a mother when you return from London? (?)
- She will have been a bachelor 3 years from now (+)
- She won’t have been a bachelor 3 years from now (-)
- Will she have been a bachelor 3 years from now? (?)
- Dad will have returned when you’re escaping! (+)
- Dad won’t have returned when you’re escaping! (-)
- Will Dad have returned when you’re escaping? (?)
Past Future Perfect Tense
Last but important yang akan kita kupas adalah bentuk past future perfect. Kamu bisa menggunakan bentuk tense ini untuk menceritakan sesuatu yang sudah akan kamu lakukan di masa lalu. Supaya lebih memahami past future perfect, coba perhatikan analogi berikut ini.
Sekarang kamu sedang menyesali keputusanmu menolak gebetanmu. Seandainya kamu menerimanya, kamu pasti akan sudah merayakan hari ultahmu kemarin.
Now, you’re regretting your decision to refuse the love from your crush. If you accepted him, you would have celebrated your birthday together yesterday.
Nah, sudah paham kan bagaimana konsep penggunaan past future perfect tense? Supaya lebih jelas, yuk pahami rumus past future perfect tense beserta contoh-contohnya.
Verbal
| SENTENCES | FORMULAS |
| Positive (+) | Subject + would + have + Verb-3 |
| Negative (-) | Subject + would + not + have + Verb-3 |
| Interrogative (?) | Would + Subject + have + Verb-3 + ? |
Example:
- I would have gone to school if you didn’t come (+)
- I wouldn’t have gone to school if you didn’t come (-)
- Would I have gone to school if you didn’t come? (?)
- She would have understood me if you didn’t interrupt us (+)
- She wouldn’t have understood me if you didn’t interrupt us (-)
- Would she have understood me if you didn’t interrupt? (?)
- We have done this job outstandingly (+)
- We haven’t done this job outstandingly (-)
- Have we done this job outstandingly? (?)
Nominal
| SENTENCES | FORMULAS |
| Positive (+) | Subject + would + have + been + nominal |
| Negative (-) | Subject + would + not + have + been + nominal |
| Interrogative (?) | Would + Subject + have + been + nominal + ? |
Example:
- He would have been a successful politician if he didn’t do the corruption (+)
- He wouldn’t have been a successful politician if he didn’t do the corruption (-)
- Would he have been a successful politician if he didn’t do the corruption? (?)
- She would’ve been a bad girl if I didn’t remind her (+)
- She wouldn’t have been a bad girl if I didn’t remind her (-)
- Would she have been a bad girl if I didn’t remind her? (?)
- They would’ve been lost their home because of the earthquake (+)
- They wouldn’t have been lost their home because of the earthquake (?)
- Would they have been lost their home because of the earthquake? (?)
Itulah penjelasan lengkap mengenai perfect tense, rumus, dan contohnya untukmu, LCers! Kalau kamu ingin belajar bahasa Inggris lebih banyak dan lengkap lagi, langsung datang ke Kampung Inggris Pare ya! Di sini, kamu akan bertemu dengan tutor dan metode pembelajaran yang akan memudahkanmu fluent dalam bahasa Inggris! Jadi ingat, cepat join sama Kampung Inggris LC, ya, kami menunggumu!
Untuk materi lainnya, kamu bisa langsung klik ke link ini ya! Pengertian Continuous Tense Disertai Rumus dan Contoh
